Harshad Mehta Ka Asli 'Chela': Ketan Parekh Ne Kaise Kiya 2001 Ka Sabse Bada Stock Market Scam?

 

Doston, "Billionaire Dairies" mein humne dekha ki kaise 1992 mein Harshad Mehta ne share bazar ko apne isharon par nachaya tha. Par jab Harshad Mehta ka bhanda phoota aur wo jail gaya, toh logon ko laga ki ab share market mein koi ghotala nahi ho sakta. Par wo kehte hain na, har guru ka ek chela hota hai jo usse bhi do kadam aage nikal jata hai. Aaj hum baat karenge Ketan Parekh ki, jisne Harshad Mehta ki galtiyon se seekha aur 2001 mein desh ko ek aisa scam diya jisne banks aur market dono ko hila kar rakh diya.

CA Ki Degree Aur Harshad Mehta Se Mulaqat

Ketan Parekh ka janm ek aisi family mein hua tha jahan purvajon (ancestors) ke time se hi stock broking ka kaam hota tha. Ketan khud ek bohot hoshiyar Chartered Accountant (CA) the. 1990s ki shuruat mein unhone Harshad Mehta ke sath kaam karna shuru kiya. Ketan ne Harshad ko bohot kareeb se observe kiya. Unhone dekha ki Harshad ne aam logon ka dhyan kheench kar bewakoofi ki thi, jiske karan wo pakda gaya. Ketan ne faisla kiya ki wo jo bhi karega, shanti se karega aur kabhi media ya public ki nazron mein aakar apna 'Bhaukaal' nahi banayega.

Dot-Com Bubble Aur 'K-10' Stocks Ka Jadoo

Saal 1999-2000 ka daur IT (Information Technology) aur Internet ka daur tha. Poori duniya mein Dot-Com bubble chal raha tha. Harshad Mehta ACC cement jaise traditional stocks mein khelta tha, par Ketan Parekh ne apni CA ki padhai ka dimaag lagaya. Unhe pata tha ki future tech mein hai.

Ketan ne market mein 10 aisi companiyon ke shares chune jo ICE (Information, Communication, and Entertainment) sector se the. In 10 shares ko market mein 'K-10 Stocks' kaha jane laga. Inme Amitabh Bachchan ki ABCL, HFCL, Zee Telefilms, aur PentaMedia Graphics jaisi companiyan shamil thi. Ketan in 10 stocks ko lagaatar kharidne laga. Uska dabdaba itna tha ki in companiyon ke share prices raaton-raat 200% se 500% tak badh gaye.

Khel Ka Asli Tareeka: Pay Orders Aur MMCB Bank

Share kharidne ke liye Ketan ko hazaron crore rupaye chahiye the. Harshad ne jaali BR (Bank Receipts) ka use kiya tha, par Ketan ne 'Pay Orders' ka rasta chuna. Pay order ek tarah ka bank draft hota hai jo clear hone mein time leta hai.

Ketan ne Madhavpura Mercantile Co-operative Bank (MMCB) ke chairman ko rishwat dekar apne sath mila liya. Ketan is chhote bank (MMCB) se hazaron crore ke Pay Orders banwata tha, halanki uske account mein utne paise hote hi nahi the. Phir wo in Pay Orders ko bade banks (jaise Bank of India) mein discount karwa kar (cash mein badal kar) wahan se paisa nikal leta tha. Jab Bank of India MMCB se paise maangta, toh Ketan share market se munaafa kamakar paise wapas daal deta. Yeh cycle bilkul waise hi chal rahi thi jaise Harshad ki chalti thi.

Kalkata Ke Bear Cartel Se Takkar Aur Market Ka Crash

Ketan Parekh sab kuch control kar raha tha, par ek cheez uske control mein nahi thi—Global Market. 2001 aate-aate America mein Dot-com bubble phat gaya aur duniya bhar mein tech companiyon ke shares girne lage. India mein bhi iska asar hua aur 'K-10 stocks' ki keemat girne lagi.

Iska fayda uthane ke liye Kalkata ke kuch brokers (Bear Cartel) ne Ketan ke stocks ko lagatar bechna shuru kar diya taaki price aur gire aur Ketan barbaad ho jaye. Ketan ne price ko bachane ke liye aur paise daale, par ek point par aakar uske paas paise khatam ho gaye. Usne Bank of India ko 137 Crore rupaye lautaane the, par MMCB bank khali ho chuka tha. Jab check bounce hua, toh Bank of India ne RBI ko shikayat kar di.

Ghotala Samne Aaya Aur Jail Ki Hawa

RBI ki janch mein pata chala ki MMCB bank ne Ketan Parekh ko bina kisi security ke lagbhag ₹1,200 Crore ka loan diya hua tha! Jaise hi yeh khabar market mein aayi, Sensex buri tarah gir gaya. Lakhon logon ke paise doob gaye aur MMCB bank humesha ke liye bankrupt (diwaliya) ho gaya.

CBI ne Ketan Parekh ko arrest kar liya. Unpar share market mein trading karne par 14 saal ka ban laga diya gaya aur unhe saza sunayi gayi.

Ketan Parekh Scam Se Hum Kya Seekhte Hain?

• History Khud Ko Doharati Hai (History Repeats Itself): 1992 ke scam ke baad bhi banks ne system ki kamzoriyon ko theek nahi kiya, jiska fayda Ketan ne 2001 mein uthaya.
• 'Hype' Ke Peeche Mat Bhago: K-10 stocks ka moolya (valuation) asaliyat mein utna nahi tha jitna dikhaya ja raha tha. Jab bhi market kisi ek trend (jaise tech bubble) ke peeche pagalon ki tarah bhage, toh aam investor ko saavdhaan ho jana chahiye.
• Udhaar Ka Paisa Market Mein Nahi: Ketan Parekh ne bank ka paisa market mein lagaya. Jab market gira, toh wo na share bacha paya aur na bank ka paisa.

Billionaire Diaries Conclusion: Ketan Parekh ki kahani dikhati hai ki chahe aap kitne bhi smart aur educated (CA) kyun na hon, market ko manipulate karne ka anjaam hamesha bura hi hota hai. Aam aadmi ke liye share market mein long-term investment hi sabse bada aur sachha fayda hai.